No subject


Thu Oct 25 19:26:07 UTC 2012


Indeed, the more we make this possible by requesting those organizations
(universities and academics included) that create commercial outputs out of
open systems to share their applications, or whatever portion of the same,
with those at the bottom of the digital value chain that rely on learning
through open solutions, the closer we approach the bridging of the digital
divide.

I am sure we are all trending the right path...

Kiringai Kamau


On Mon, Jan 28, 2013 at 3:29 PM, Caitlin Bentley <
Caitlin.Bentley.2010 at live.rhul.ac.uk> wrote:

> Dear all,
>
> I can see how it's quite easy to create development initiatives through
> open business models that take advantage of systems as they are, like ope=
n
> business models that help poor and marginalised people to generate income=
s.
> My concern is that business models rarely address existing inequalities
> that make people poor in the first place. If I understand correctly,
> Kiringai likes the idea of open inputs leading to business oriented
> outputs, and that institutions should just decide to make contributions
> back to open society to infuse some sustainability into the situation. A
> concern of mine is that this focuses knowledge generation processes (with=
in
> universities and academia too) reinforcing the importance of knowledge as
> needing to have some commercial value ultimately. Where would we be if th=
at
> kind of thinking was imposed onto pure mathematicians or post-development
> academics etc.?
>
> So in answering your first question Tim, "how far in advocating for open
> development we should be advocating for open business models?" I believe
> that the open development community should be fundamentally concerned wit=
h
> transforming development systems and processes that aren't working for th=
e
> majority which echoes what Michael has circulated earlier about inclusion=
.
> I think we should support open business models only if they are conscious
> of, and can explain their "development" ethos, and in my opinion this
> should include a dissection of how their business model contributes to no=
t
> only economic benefits but also social benefits of those involved.
>
> There was also the example of http://www.openator.com/ from Franz that
> uses an open source hardware business model. I'm not sure I quite
> understand it, perhaps they have cornered a niche market or are comfortab=
le
> making no profits. I would actually be happy with that kind of business
> model, but we live in a capitalist world, so making just enough money to
> cover costs seems like it wouldn't really catch on. This is an interestin=
g
> research question in itself, I think these sorts of questions do have val=
ue
> for our community, but until we can stand firmly together as working
> towards an equal and just world for the majority in an inclusive manner, =
I
> am weary.
>
> Caitlin
>
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Franz Nahrada <f.nahrada at reflex.at>
> Date: Mon, Jan 28, 2013 at 12:02 PM
> Subject: Re: [open-development] [ciresearchers] FW: Promoting open
> business models?
> To: ciresearchers at vancouvercommunity.net
> Cc: open-development at lists.okfn.org, pete.cranston at btinternet.com
>
>
> ****
> Dear all,
>
> just a sign of life since we are preparing a "Vienna Open Source Hardware
> Summit" in May 2013 in the framework of the Linux Weeks, where we want to
> emphasize on the vanguard of Open Business Models. We want to focus not
> primarily on software, but on design and products developed and shared
> commonly and the role of entrusted businesses and indutries to produce an=
d
> distribute.
>
> So far there are only a few of these endavours; take as example-  with
> very high development relevance - this one:
>
> http://www.openator.com/   - A UK open Source Hardware distributor
>
> "First you need some soil. Since this is available pretty much everywhere
> on this planet =96 finding raw materials isn=92t a problem. Next you need=
 a CEB
> (Compressed Earth Brick)  press machine to create the bricks. We
> manufacture affordable CEB presses using the latest Open Source technolog=
y.
> You can either buy one from us, rent our existing presses or even build o=
ne
> yourself using open source designs.
>
> Then, with the correct soil mixture, you simply load all of the dirt into
> the CEB press machines hopper. The earth then slides down the hopper wher=
e
> it fills up the compression chamber. Once the chamber is full, huge amoun=
ts
> of pneumatic pressure are applied to the sides of the earth. This
> transforms the earth from the common dirt that we find beneath our feet a=
nd
> into the effective building material that is known as the compressed eart=
h
> brick.
>
> The newly formed brick is ejected out of the compression chamber where it
> can be collected by a worker ready for construction."
>
> http://www.openator.com/about-earth-blocks/
>
> This is really an exciting example because its related to one of the most
> basic human needs.
>
> now you can also look at the other side, the community that really
> originates and leads the idea:
>
> http://blog.opensourceecology.org/2013/01/ose-revamping-in-critical-2013/
>
> I admire Marcins dedication and ability to learn without compromising the
> central principles.
>
> And I equally admire the people of Openator to bring this to the business
> world
>
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_hardware
>
> ------------------
>
> Now if you have a good contribution to make at the Vienna Open Source
> Hardware Summit, please dont hesitate to contact me!
>
>
> Mag. Franz Nahrada
> Manager, Hotel Karolinenhof
> Founder, Global Villages Network / GIVE
> Jedleseer Strasse 75
> A-1210 Wien
> f.nahrada at reflex.at
> +43 1 2787801
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Kiringai Kamau <kiringai at gmail.com>
> Date: Mon, Jan 28, 2013 at 11:21 AM
> Subject: Re: [open-development] [ciresearchers] FW: Promoting open
> business models?
> To: Tim Davies <tim at practicalparticipation.co.uk>
> Cc: ciresearchers at vancouvercommunity.net, open-development at lists.okfn.org=
,
> pete.cranston at btinternet.com
>
>
> Thanks Tim,
>
> I like the perspective of open outputs being inputs to a business oriente=
d
> output. The market realities and the balance that a learning organization
> in the name of a young innovative university like Strathmore finds itself
> operating in calls for a very delicate balance. This is not helped when t=
he
> operations happen in a country that is pushing innovation to the fronts o=
f
> every aspect of mobile thought, which presents is a big challenge to thos=
e
> driving the incubation hubs that have to incubate the technology develope=
rs
> like Dr. Sevilla has had to do.
>
> BUT that said, and given that most applications that are developed on ope=
n
> platforms need be open and freely available, would it not help to make so=
me
> degree of contribution to the open society by making the output of the
> learning process openly available  Should not the operating business mode=
l
> for delivering the earnings to the value added innovator be derived from
> the clout that they have in providing service rather than product
> orientation? Should young learners be made to believe that open solutions
> are there to be owned without contributing anything in return?
>
> I suppose these are the critical questions that you sought to address but
> sought a balanced trend...which then calls for a suitable model to suppor=
t
> the potential to bridge the digital divide in our lifetimes.
>
> In my view, giving back to the open society should be a noble call and
> young learners should be encouraged to do so...what is important is to
> create the right perspective so that the balance between the business and
> open orientation are addressed. developing country learning on such
> thoughts and the blossoming of telecentres as vehicles for bridging the
> digital divide need to be considered so that organizational thinking is
> superimposed on the product development of open solutions.
>
> I believe this is a perspective for the OKF Network.
>
> Sincerely,
>
> Kiringai
>
>
> On Mon, Jan 28, 2013 at 11:43 AM, Tim Davies <
> tim at practicalparticipation.co.uk> wrote:
>
>> Dear Kiringai, (cc back to the open-development at lists.okfn.org list
>> where the discussion started)
>>
>> Many thanks for this reply - it highlights really well the tensions
>> between the move towards openness and the practical realities of the
>> markets, funding structures and theories of business we operate within.
>>
>> The distinction you make between developing with open platforms, and
>> building solutions or products that are open, is really useful. It asks =
us
>> whether open development is just about open inputs; or outputs also
>> (complicated by the fact that the output from one value chain may be the
>> input into another...).
>>
>> I find it hard to see arguments against the idea that at some point in
>> the value-chain there needs to be a finite or excludable resource in ord=
er
>> to generate revenue. In many open business models this ends up being a
>> service, rather than information or physical product, but often with a
>> strong cross-subsidy from a small number of users as in freemium models
>> (and services are perhaps trickier to set up without investment; whereas
>> selling information can scale smoothly and be bootstrapped). The challen=
ge
>> perhaps is working out which sorts of goods, when kept open further alon=
g
>> the value chain, bring the most benefits, and which are distributed more
>> effectively when more closed models are adopted.
>>
>> I certainly think this would be a great area for more of the open
>> knowledge community to engage in. I'll try and find out at the OKFs meet=
ing
>> next week if any of other working groups such as open economics are
>> exploring this, or whether it might be something to encourage shared wor=
k
>> to explore...
>>
>> All the best
>>
>> Tim
>>
>> *(A note just in case it was interpreted otherwise - there was no
>> criticism at all of Strathmore intended in my original post; I was
>> impressed by what I saw when visiting, and just thought that the questio=
ns
>> of openness it raised were an interesting area of discussion for the
>> open-development community to explore...)
>>
>> On Mon, Jan 28, 2013 at 8:20 AM, Kiringai Kamau <kiringai at gmail.com>wrot=
e:
>>
>>> Tim,
>>>
>>> My name is Kiringai. I want to declare my interests in this matter as a=
n
>>> adjunct faculty of Strathmore where I participate in their food and
>>> agribusiness programmes.
>>>
>>> That said, I can now try to be open on this matter by stating that the
>>> challenge of being a learning organization that has to fund its operati=
ons
>>> for existence using internally generated funds places Strathmore in a
>>> situation that makes their open solutions not be very open. And given t=
hat
>>> they have to motivate their students as well as staff, if there are no
>>> funds flowing in, they will be just another good organization.
>>> Demonstrating how the students can make money through innovation is par=
t
>>> and parcel of their being part of the business school. To that extent,
>>> their solutions are only developed using open platforms for not so open
>>> existence. They are therefore quasi open.
>>>
>>> It would definitely be exciting for Dr. Sevilla if there is a way of
>>> benefiting from being a more engaged member of the open foundation so t=
hat
>>> they can approximate as much as possible to openness.
>>>
>>> Sincerely,
>>>
>>> Kiringai
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> On Mon, Jan 28, 2013 at 12:48 AM, michael gurstein <gurstein at gmail.com>=
wrote:
>>>
>>>>  For those with a more techie or open data interest this below is well
>>>> worth taking a close look.  What Tim Davies and Pete Cranston and othe=
rs
>>>> seem to be doing here is to try to link coders/app developers on the g=
round
>>>> in Nairobi (iHub) with some of the real world of research outcomes and=
 most
>>>> important with the real world of trying to make use of the those resea=
rch
>>>> outcomes on the ground for African agriculture -- which for the most p=
art
>>>> means working through intermediaries, in their case Extension Workers.=
*
>>>> ***
>>>>
>>>> ** **
>>>>
>>>> Good stuff!****
>>>>
>>>> ** **
>>>>
>>>> M****
>>>>
>>>> ** **
>>>>
>>>> *From:* open-development-bounces at lists.okfn.org [mailto:
>>>> open-development-bounces at lists.okfn.org] *On Behalf Of *Tim Davies
>>>> *Sent:* Sunday, January 27, 2013 11:10 AM
>>>> *To:* open-development at lists.okfn.org
>>>> *Subject:* [open-development] Promoting open business models?****
>>>>
>>>> ** **
>>>>
>>>> Hey all,****
>>>>
>>>> ** **
>>>>
>>>> Responding to one of the comments on the open development working grou=
p
>>>> review etherpad at http://okfnpad.org/opendevwg (please do visit to
>>>> add your thoughts) that as a list it would be good to have some more i=
n
>>>> depth discussions as well as link sharing, I thought I would pose a
>>>> question that struck me whilst in Nairobi last week for a hackathon ar=
ound
>>>> research data (blog posts about the event here:
>>>> http://www.timdavies.org.uk/2013/01/27/linked-development-notes-from-r=
esearch-to-impact-at-the-ihub/and here:
>>>> http://www.euforicservices.com/search/label/r4d).****
>>>>
>>>> ** **
>>>>
>>>> That question was how far in advocating for open development we should
>>>> be advocating for open business models? And what that might look like =
in
>>>> practice?****
>>>>
>>>> ** **
>>>>
>>>> The context of the question was a visit to the iLab at Strathmore
>>>> University, where, amongst other issues, some of the research and prod=
uct
>>>> development work going on has focussed on developing DRM (Digital Righ=
ts
>>>> Management) technologies that will allow mobile educational content to=
 be
>>>> sold through micro-payments and tied to single devices. This clearly g=
oes
>>>> against the idea of open content that anyone can share, but at the sam=
e
>>>> time, could lead to wider access to educational resources than would
>>>> otherwise exist, and could stimulate provision of educational content =
where
>>>> it is lacking...  In hearing about this micro-payment based, and DRMed
>>>> educational content, I wasn't sure how to respond, or what realistic
>>>> alternative models to point to that stand a chance of similar success =
in
>>>> disseminating educational content. ****
>>>>
>>>> ** **
>>>>
>>>> Have other list members dealt with this sort of situation, and the
>>>> tensions between the potential for market-based production to take a
>>>> valuable idea or product to scale (particularly in developing countrie=
s),
>>>> but at the cost of the openness of the products? ****
>>>>
>>>> ** **
>>>>
>>>> In a spirit of open discussion...,****
>>>>
>>>> ** **
>>>>
>>>> Yours****
>>>>
>>>> ** **
>>>>
>>>> Tim****
>>>>
>>>> ** **
>>>>
>>>> To unsubscribe (subscribe) send an email to: sympa at vcn.bc.ca with the
>>>> message unsub (sub) ciresearchers
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>> __________________________________________________________________
>>> *Kiringai Kamau*
>>> Value Chain Analyst and Knowledge Specialist
>>> PO Box 35046 00200 City Square, Nairobi
>>> Tel: +254 202 719 733/202 738 783
>>> Cell: +254 722 800 986/733 375 505
>>> *Skype:* kiringai.kamau
>>> Websites: www.willpower.co.ke, www.octagon.co.ke,
>>>                       www.vacidafrica.or.ke,
>>> http://rural-agriculture.wikispaces.com
>>>
>>
>>
>>
>> --
>>
>>
>> http://www.timdavies.org.uk
>> 07834 856 303.
>> @timdavies
>>
>> Co-director of Practical Participation:
>> http://www.practicalparticipation.co.uk
>> --------------------------
>> Practical Participation Ltd is a registered company in England and Wales
>> - #5381958.
>>
>
>
>
> --
> __________________________________________________________________
> *Kiringai Kamau*
> Value Chain Analyst and Knowledge Specialist
> PO Box 35046 00200 City Square, Nairobi
> Tel: +254 202 719 733/202 738 783
> Cell: +254 722 800 986/733 375 505
> *Skype:* kiringai.kamau
> Websites: www.willpower.co.ke, www.octagon.co.ke,
>                       www.vacidafrica.or.ke,
> http://rural-agriculture.wikispaces.com
>
> _______________________________________________
> open-development mailing list
> open-development at lists.okfn.org
> http://lists.okfn.org/mailman/listinfo/open-development
> Unsubscribe: http://lists.okfn.org/mailman/options/open-development
>
>
>
>
> --
> Caitlin Bentley, PhD Candidate
> Department of Geography
> Royal Holloway, University of London
> Surrey TW20 0EX  UK
> +44 (0) 79 7739 6421
> Caitlin.Bentley.2010 at live.rhul.ac.uk
> Skype: caitlin.bentley
> *http://www.ict4d.org.uk*
>



--=20
__________________________________________________________________
*Kiringai Kamau*
Value Chain Analyst and Knowledge Specialist
PO Box 35046 00200 City Square, Nairobi
Tel: +254 202 719 733/202 738 783
Cell: +254 722 800 986/733 375 505
*Skype:* kiringai.kamau
Websites: www.willpower.co.ke, www.octagon.co.ke,
                      www.vacidafrica.or.ke,
http://rural-agriculture.wikispaces.com

--20cf307cfeccf6831504d47a556e
Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr">Caitlin,<div><br></div><div style>Sorry I did not respond =
to this and allow me to also copy the list from which I was drawn into this=
 list....</div><div style><br></div><div style>This may therefore explain t=
he fact that I am new to this list and may not be quite=A0astute=A0in the p=
rotocol=A0practiced=A0here. Excuse me therefore if I do not demonstrate muc=
h appreciation on how the sharing of intellectual thought is facilitated on=
 the forum. I however suppose that I hear you.=A0</div>
<div style><br></div><div style>The context may have created some indicatio=
n that I have a particular line of thought on this, but much as this may be=
 true, I was only trying to explain my understanding of what could have gui=
ded some model of open systems implementation in a Kenyan university, which=
 I have some affiliation to. BUT that said, I must also indicate that I am =
a Mathematical Stastician turned ICT Specialist, turned Agricultural Econom=
ist, now focusing in linking of all the three=A0disciplines=A0into one disc=
ipline through digital thinking to help bridge the digital divide using com=
munity=A0enterprises=A0owned by smallholder farmer communities whom we supp=
ort to create ICT=A0centers=A0that drive their value chain organizations bu=
t make the ICT resources open to the youth and other SME practitioners in a=
 telecentre model we have come to baptize as AVAAK Centres. See my blog at=
=A0<a href=3D"http://www.e-agriculture.org/blog/driving-grassroots-wealth-f=
ormation-through-ict4ag-blog-kiringai-kamau-member-kenya">http://www.e-agri=
culture.org/blog/driving-grassroots-wealth-formation-through-ict4ag-blog-ki=
ringai-kamau-member-kenya</a>.</div>
<div style><br></div><div style>In my view, the sustainability of such call=
s for harnessing of open systems as much as possible to create packaged ser=
vices, and indeed products, that can be used for learning and as much as po=
ssible creating commercial products. For the youthful entrepreneurs whom we=
 help incubate; and who patronize the community digital enterprises that we=
 support, we use the open systems as the basis of their enterprise thought =
and focus. they therefore do not start without a product or commodity aroun=
d which their knowledge resources can be exploited. Having the potential to=
 deepen the availability of more=A0functional=A0open systems is exciting to=
 me and those like Tim who find the conflict between conversion of open inp=
uts to commercial outputs. I believe the open society is a dynamic society =
that keeps growing and varying the operational models...we are therefore at=
 a new stage in defining openness!</div>
<div style><br></div><div style>From the foregoing, you will definitely gat=
her than I also have quite some interest in modeling of knowledge systems a=
nd believe=A0there is opportunity, and reason, in=A0commoditizing knowledge=
 as a resource that can be delivered through open systems. In my view, enga=
ging with and supporting eLearning is a clear line of focus that can and sh=
ould be supported by knowledge practitioners.=A0</div>
<div style><br></div><div style>From this thinking therefore, =A0no one is =
left out of the digital bandwagon. Indeed, the more we make this possible b=
y requesting those organizations (universities and academics included) that=
 create commercial outputs out of open systems to share their applications,=
 or whatever portion of the same, with those at the bottom of the digital v=
alue chain that rely on learning through open solutions, the closer we appr=
oach the=A0bridging=A0of the digital divide.</div>
<div style><br></div><div style>I am sure we are all trending the right pat=
h...</div><div style><br></div><div style>Kiringai Kamau</div></div><div cl=
ass=3D"gmail_extra"><br><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">On Mon, Jan 28, 2013=
 at 3:29 PM, Caitlin Bentley <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:Caitli=
n.Bentley.2010 at live.rhul.ac.uk" target=3D"_blank">Caitlin.Bentley.2010 at live=
.rhul.ac.uk</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div>Dear all,=A0</div><div><br></div><div>I=
 can see how it&#39;s quite easy to create development initiatives through =
open business models that take advantage of systems as they are, like open =
business models that help poor and marginalised people to generate incomes.=
 My concern is that business models rarely address existing inequalities th=
at make people poor in the first place. If I understand correctly, Kiringai=
 likes the idea of open inputs leading to business oriented outputs, and th=
at institutions should just decide to make contributions back to open socie=
ty to infuse some sustainability into the situation. A concern of mine is t=
hat this focuses knowledge generation processes (within universities and ac=
ademia too) reinforcing the importance of knowledge as needing to have some=
 commercial value ultimately. Where would we be if that kind of thinking wa=
s imposed onto pure mathematicians or post-development academics etc.?=A0</=
div>

<div><br></div><div>So in answering your first question Tim, &quot;<span st=
yle=3D"color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:13px;font-family:arial,sans-serif">how=
 far in advocating for open development we should be advocating for open bu=
siness models?&quot;</span>=A0I believe that the open development community=
 should be fundamentally concerned with transforming development systems an=
d processes that aren&#39;t working for the majority which echoes what Mich=
ael has circulated earlier about inclusion. I think we should support open =
business models only if they are conscious of, and can explain their &quot;=
development&quot; ethos, and in my opinion this should include a dissection=
 of how their business model contributes to not only economic benefits but =
also social benefits of those involved.=A0</div>

<div><br></div><div><div>There was also the example of=A0<a href=3D"http://=
www.openator.com/" target=3D"_blank">http://www.openator.com/</a>=A0from Fr=
anz that uses an open source hardware business model. I&#39;m not sure I qu=
ite understand it, perhaps they have cornered a niche market or are comfort=
able making no profits. I would actually be happy with that kind of busines=
s model, but we live in a capitalist world, so making just enough money to =
cover costs seems like it wouldn&#39;t really catch on. This is an interest=
ing research question in itself, I think these sorts of questions do have v=
alue for our community, but until we can stand firmly together as working t=
owards an equal and just world for the majority in an inclusive manner, I a=
m weary.=A0</div>

</div><div><br></div><div>Caitlin</div><div><div class=3D"h5"><div>=A0</div=
>

<div><br></div>---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From:=A0<b class=
=3D"gmail_sendername">Franz Nahrada</b>=A0<span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"=
mailto:f.nahrada at reflex.at" target=3D"_blank">f.nahrada at reflex.at</a>&gt;</=
span><br>


Date: Mon, Jan 28, 2013 at 12:02 PM<br>
Subject: Re: [open-development] [ciresearchers] FW: Promoting open business=
 models?<br>To: <a href=3D"mailto:ciresearchers at vancouvercommunity.net" tar=
get=3D"_blank">ciresearchers at vancouvercommunity.net</a><br>Cc: <a href=3D"m=
ailto:open-development at lists.okfn.org" target=3D"_blank">open-development at l=
ists.okfn.org</a>, <a href=3D"mailto:pete.cranston at btinternet.com" target=
=3D"_blank">pete.cranston at btinternet.com</a><br>



<br><br><u></u><u></u><div><div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial" size=3D=
"+0" color=3D"#000000" style=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial">Dear all,=
</font></div><br><div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"+0" color=
=3D"#000000" style=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial">just a sign of life=
 since we are preparing a &quot;Vienna Open Source Hardware Summit&quot; in=
 May 2013 in the framework of the Linux Weeks, where we want to emphasize o=
n the vanguard of Open Business Models. We want to focus not primarily on s=
oftware, but on design and products developed and shared commonly and the r=
ole of entrusted businesses and indutries to produce and distribute.</font>=
</div>



<br><div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"+0" color=3D"#000000" =
style=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial">So far there are only a few of t=
hese endavours; take as example- =A0with very high development relevance - =
this one:</font></div>



<br><div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"+0" color=3D"#000000" =
style=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial"><a href=3D"http://www.openator.c=
om/" target=3D"_blank">http://www.openator.com/</a>=A0=A0=A0- A UK open Sou=
rce Hardware distributor</font></div>



<br><div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"+0" color=3D"#000000" =
style=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial">&quot;</font><font face=3D"Times=
 New Roman" size=3D"+0" color=3D"#000000" style=3D"font-size:12pt;font-fami=
ly:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;">First you need some soil. Since this is avail=
able pretty much everywhere on this planet =96 finding raw materials isn=92=
t a problem. Next you need a CEB (Compressed Earth Brick) =A0press machine =
to create the bricks. We manufacture affordable CEB presses using the lates=
t Open Source technology. You can either buy one from us, rent our existing=
 presses or even build one yourself using open source designs.</font></div>



<br><div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"+0" color=3D=
"#000000" style=3D"font-size:12pt;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;">Th=
en, with the correct soil mixture, you simply load all of the dirt into the=
 CEB press machines hopper. The earth then slides down the hopper where it =
fills up the compression chamber. Once the chamber is full, huge amounts of=
 pneumatic pressure are applied to the sides of the earth. This transforms =
the earth from the common dirt that we find beneath our feet and into the e=
ffective building material that is known as the compressed earth brick.</fo=
nt></div>



<br><div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"+0" color=3D=
"#000000" style=3D"font-size:12pt;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;">Th=
e newly formed brick is ejected out of the compression chamber where it can=
 be collected by a worker ready for construction.&quot;</font></div>



<br><div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"+0" color=3D=
"#000000" style=3D"font-size:12pt;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><a=
 href=3D"http://www.openator.com/about-earth-blocks/" target=3D"_blank">htt=
p://www.openator.com/about-earth-blocks/</a></font></div>



<br><div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"+0" color=3D=
"#000000" style=3D"font-size:12pt;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;">Th=
is is really an exciting example because its related to one of the most bas=
ic human needs.</font></div>



<br><div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"+0" color=3D=
"#000000" style=3D"font-size:12pt;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;">no=
w you can also look at the other side, the community that really originates=
 and leads the idea:</font></div>



<br><div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"+0" color=3D=
"#000000" style=3D"font-size:12pt;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><a=
 href=3D"http://blog.opensourceecology.org/2013/01/ose-revamping-in-critica=
l-2013/" target=3D"_blank">http://blog.opensourceecology.org/2013/01/ose-re=
vamping-in-critical-2013/</a></font></div>



<br><div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"+0" color=3D=
"#000000" style=3D"font-size:12pt;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;">I =
admire Marcins dedication and ability to learn without compromising the cen=
tral principles.</font></div>



<br><div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"+0" color=3D=
"#000000" style=3D"font-size:12pt;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;">An=
d I equally admire the people of Openator to bring this to the business wor=
ld</font></div>



<br><div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"+0" color=3D=
"#000000" style=3D"font-size:12pt;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><a=
 href=3D"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_hardware" target=3D"_blank">http=
://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_hardware</a></font></div>



<br><div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"+0" color=3D=
"#000000" style=3D"font-size:12pt;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;">--=
----------------</font></div><br><div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Times Ne=
w Roman" size=3D"+0" color=3D"#000000" style=3D"font-size:12pt;font-family:=
&#39;Times New Roman&#39;">Now if you have a good contribution to make at t=
he Vienna Open Source Hardware Summit, please dont hesitate to contact me!<=
/font></div>



<br><br><div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Geneva" size=3D"+0" color=3D"#000=
000" style=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:Geneva">Mag. Franz Nahrada</font><=
/div><div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Geneva" size=3D"+0" color=3D"#000000=
" style=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:Geneva">Manager, Hotel Karolinenhof</=
font></div>



<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Geneva" size=3D"+0" color=3D"#000000" sty=
le=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:Geneva">Founder, Global Villages Network /=
 GIVE</font></div><div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Geneva" size=3D"+0" col=
or=3D"#000000" style=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:Geneva">Jedleseer Strass=
e 75</font></div>



<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Geneva" size=3D"+0" color=3D"#000000" sty=
le=3D"font-size:10pt;font-family:Geneva">A-1210 Wien</font></div><div align=
=3D"left"><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"+0" color=3D"#000000" styl=
e=3D"font-size:12pt;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><a href=3D"mailt=
o:f.nahrada at reflex.at" target=3D"_blank">f.nahrada at reflex.at</a></font></di=
v>



<div align=3D"left"><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"+0" color=3D"#00=
0000" style=3D"font-size:12pt;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><a hre=
f=3D"tel:%2B43%201%202787801" value=3D"+4312787801" target=3D"_blank">+43 1=
 2787801</a></font></div>



</div><br></div></div><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div><div class=3D"h5">---=
------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: <b class=3D"gmail_sendername"=
>Kiringai Kamau</b> <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:kiringai at gmail.=
com" target=3D"_blank">kiringai at gmail.com</a>&gt;</span><br>




Date: Mon, Jan 28, 2013 at 11:21 AM<br>Subject: Re: [open-development] [cir=
esearchers] FW: Promoting open business models?<br>To: Tim Davies &lt;<a hr=
ef=3D"mailto:tim at practicalparticipation.co.uk" target=3D"_blank">tim at practi=
calparticipation.co.uk</a>&gt;<br>




Cc: <a href=3D"mailto:ciresearchers at vancouvercommunity.net" target=3D"_blan=
k">ciresearchers at vancouvercommunity.net</a>, <a href=3D"mailto:open-develop=
ment at lists.okfn.org" target=3D"_blank">open-development at lists.okfn.org</a>,=
 <a href=3D"mailto:pete.cranston at btinternet.com" target=3D"_blank">pete.cra=
nston at btinternet.com</a><br>




<br><br><div dir=3D"ltr">Thanks Tim,<div><br></div><div>I like the perspect=
ive of open outputs being inputs to a business oriented output. The market =
realities and the balance that a learning organization in the name of a you=
ng innovative university=A0like=A0Strathmore finds itself operating in call=
s for a very delicate balance. This is not helped when the operations happe=
n in a country that is pushing innovation to the fronts of every aspect of =
mobile thought, which presents is a big challenge to those driving the incu=
bation hubs that have to incubate the technology developers like Dr. Sevill=
a has had to do.</div>





<div><br></div><div>BUT that said, and given that most applications that ar=
e developed on open platforms need be open and freely available, would it n=
ot help to make some degree of contribution to the open society by making t=
he output of the learning process openly=A0available=A0 Should not the oper=
ating business model for delivering the earnings to the value added innovat=
or be derived from the clout that they have in providing service rather tha=
n product orientation? Should young learners be made to believe that open s=
olutions are there to be owned without contributing anything in return?</di=
v>





<div><br></div><div>I suppose these are the critical questions that you sou=
ght to address but sought a balanced trend...which then calls for a suitabl=
e model to support the potential to bridge the digital divide in our lifeti=
mes.</div>





<div><br></div><div>In my view, giving back to the open society should be a=
 noble call and young learners should be encouraged to do so...what is impo=
rtant is to create the right perspective so that the balance between the bu=
siness and open orientation are addressed. developing country learning on s=
uch thoughts and the blossoming of telecentres as vehicles for bridging the=
 digital divide need to be considered so that organizational thinking is su=
perimposed on the product development of open solutions.</div>





<div><br></div><div>I believe this is a perspective for the OKF Network.</d=
iv><div><br></div><div>Sincerely,</div><div><br></div><div>Kiringai</div></=
div><div><div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><br>

<div class=3D"gmail_quote">On Mon, Jan 28, 2013 at 11:43 AM, Tim Davies <sp=
an dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:tim at practicalparticipation.co.uk" targ=
et=3D"_blank">tim at practicalparticipation.co.uk</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><bl=
ockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #=
ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">





Dear Kiringai, (cc back to the <a href=3D"mailto:open-development at lists.okf=
n.org" target=3D"_blank">open-development at lists.okfn.org</a> list where the=
 discussion started)<div><br></div><div>Many thanks for this reply - it hig=
hlights really well the tensions between the move towards openness and the =
practical realities of the markets, funding structures and theories of busi=
ness we operate within.=A0</div>







<div><br></div><div>The distinction you make between developing with open p=
latforms, and building solutions or products that are open, is really usefu=
l. It asks us whether open development is just about open inputs; or output=
s also (complicated by the fact that the output from one value chain may be=
 the input into another...).</div>







<div><br></div><div>I find it hard to see arguments against the idea that a=
t some point in the value-chain there needs to be a finite or excludable re=
source in order to generate revenue. In many open business models this ends=
 up being a service, rather than information or physical product, but often=
 with a strong cross-subsidy from a small number of users as in freemium mo=
dels (and services are perhaps trickier to set up without investment; where=
as selling information can scale smoothly and be bootstrapped). The challen=
ge perhaps is working out which sorts of goods, when kept open further alon=
g the value chain, bring the most benefits, and which are distributed more =
effectively when more closed models are adopted.=A0</div>







<div><br></div><div>I certainly think this would be a great area for more o=
f the open knowledge community to engage in. I&#39;ll try and find out at t=
he OKFs meeting next week if any of other working groups such as open econo=
mics are exploring this, or whether it might be something to encourage shar=
ed work to explore...</div>







<div><br></div><div>All the best</div><div><br></div><div>Tim</div><div><br=
></div><div>*(A note just in case it was interpreted otherwise - there was =
no criticism at all of Strathmore intended in my original post; I was impre=
ssed by what I saw when visiting, and just thought that the questions of op=
enness it raised were an interesting area of discussion for the open-develo=
pment community to explore...)</div>







<div><div><div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">On Mon, Jan 28, 2013 at 8:20 =
AM, Kiringai Kamau <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:kiringai at gmail.c=
om" target=3D"_blank">kiringai at gmail.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquo=
te class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc so=
lid;padding-left:1ex">







<div dir=3D"ltr">Tim,<div><br></div><div>My name is Kiringai. I want to dec=
lare my interests in this matter as an adjunct faculty of Strathmore where =
I participate in their food and agribusiness programmes.</div><div><br></di=
v>








<div>That said, I can now try to be open on this matter by stating that the=
 challenge of being a learning organization that has to fund its operations=
 for existence using internally generated funds places=A0Strathmore=A0in a =
situation that makes their open solutions not be very open. And given that =
they have to motivate their students as well as staff, if there are no fund=
s flowing in, they will be just another good organization. Demonstrating ho=
w the students can make=A0money=A0through innovation is part and parcel of =
their being part of the business school. To that extent, their solutions ar=
e only developed using open platforms for not so open existence. They are t=
herefore quasi open.</div>








<div><br></div><div>It would definitely be exciting for Dr.=A0<font color=
=3D"#000000"><span style=3D"line-height:26px">Sevilla if there is a way of =
benefiting from being a more engaged member of the open foundation so that =
they can=A0approximate=A0as much as possible to=A0openness.</span></font></=
div>








<div><span style=3D"line-height:26px"><br></span></div><div><span style=3D"=
line-height:26px">Sincerely,</span></div><div><span style=3D"line-height:26=
px"><br>
</span></div><div><span style=3D"line-height:26px">Kiringai</span></div><di=
v><span style=3D"line-height:26px"><br></span></div></div><div class=3D"gma=
il_extra"><br><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div><div>
On Mon, Jan 28, 2013 at 12:48 AM, michael gurstein <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a=
 href=3D"mailto:gurstein at gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">gurstein at gmail.com</a=
>&gt;</span> wrote:<br></div></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=
=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">







<div><div>
<div lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple"><div><p class=3D"MsoNorm=
al"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;s=
ans-serif&quot;;color:#1f497d">For those with a more techie or open data in=
terest this below is well worth taking a close look.=A0 What Tim Davies and=
 Pete Cranston and others seem to be doing here is to try to link coders/ap=
p developers on the ground in Nairobi (iHub) with some of the real world of=
 research outcomes and most important with the real world of trying to make=
 use of the those research outcomes on the ground for African agriculture -=
- which for the most part means working through intermediaries, in their ca=
se Extension Workers.<u></u><u></u></span></p>








<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1f497d"><u></u>=A0<u></u></span><=
/p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1f497d">Good stuff!<u></u><u><=
/u></span></p>








<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1f497d"><u></u>=A0<u></u></span><=
/p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1f497d">M<u></u><u></u></span>=
</p>








<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ca=
libri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1f497d"><u></u>=A0<u></u></span><=
/p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&q=
uot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"fon=
t-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> <a hr=
ef=3D"mailto:open-development-bounces at lists.okfn.org" target=3D"_blank">ope=
n-development-bounces at lists.okfn.org</a> [mailto:<a href=3D"mailto:open-dev=
elopment-bounces at lists.okfn.org" target=3D"_blank">open-development-bounces=
@lists.okfn.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Tim Davies<br>








<b>Sent:</b> Sunday, January 27, 2013 11:10 AM<br><b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mai=
lto:open-development at lists.okfn.org" target=3D"_blank">open-development at lis=
ts.okfn.org</a><br><b>Subject:</b> [open-development] Promoting open busine=
ss models?<u></u><u></u></span></p>








<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=A0<u></u></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hey all,=
<u></u><u></u></p><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=A0<u></u></p></div><d=
iv><p class=3D"MsoNormal">Responding to one of the comments on the open dev=
elopment working group review etherpad at <a href=3D"http://okfnpad.org/ope=
ndevwg" target=3D"_blank">http://okfnpad.org/opendevwg</a> (please do visit=
 to add your thoughts) that as a list it would be good to have some more in=
 depth discussions as well as link sharing, I thought I would pose a questi=
on that struck me whilst in Nairobi last week for a hackathon around resear=
ch data (blog posts about the event here:=A0<a href=3D"http://www.timdavies=
.org.uk/2013/01/27/linked-development-notes-from-research-to-impact-at-the-=
ihub/" target=3D"_blank">http://www.timdavies.org.uk/2013/01/27/linked-deve=
lopment-notes-from-research-to-impact-at-the-ihub/</a> and here: <a href=3D=
"http://www.euforicservices.com/search/label/r4d" target=3D"_blank">http://=
www.euforicservices.com/search/label/r4d</a>).<u></u><u></u></p>








</div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=A0<u></u></p></div><div><p class=
=3D"MsoNormal">That question was how far in advocating for open development=
 we should be advocating for open business models? And what that might look=
 like in practice?<u></u><u></u></p>








</div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=A0<u></u></p></div><div><p class=
=3D"MsoNormal">The context of the question was a visit to the iLab at Strat=
hmore University, where, amongst other issues, some of the research and pro=
duct development work going on has focussed on developing DRM (Digital Righ=
ts Management) technologies that will allow mobile educational content to b=
e sold through micro-payments and tied to single devices. This clearly goes=
 against the idea of open content that anyone can share, but at the same ti=
me, could lead to wider access to educational resources than would otherwis=
e exist, and could stimulate provision of educational content where it is l=
acking... =A0In hearing about this micro-payment based, and DRMed education=
al content, I wasn&#39;t sure how to respond, or what realistic alternative=
 models to point to that stand a chance of similar success in disseminating=
 educational content.=A0<u></u><u></u></p>








</div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=A0<u></u></p></div><div><p class=
=3D"MsoNormal">Have other list members dealt with this sort of situation, a=
nd the tensions between the potential for market-based production to take a=
 valuable idea or product to scale (particularly in developing countries), =
but at the cost of the openness of the products?=A0<u></u><u></u></p>








</div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=A0<u></u></p></div><div><p class=
=3D"MsoNormal">In a spirit of open discussion...,<u></u><u></u></p></div><d=
iv><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=A0<u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNo=
rmal">Yours<u></u><u></u></p>








</div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=A0<u></u></p></div><div><p class=
=3D"MsoNormal">Tim<u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></=
u>=A0<u></u></p></div></div></div><br></div></div>To unsubscribe (subscribe=
) send an email to: <a href=3D"mailto:sympa at vcn.bc.ca" target=3D"_blank">sy=
mpa at vcn.bc.ca</a> with the message unsub (sub) ciresearchers<span><font col=
or=3D"#888888"><br>








</font></span></blockquote></div><span><font color=3D"#888888"><br><br clea=
r=3D"all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div><font face=3D"Calibri, Verdana, Helvet=
ica, Arial" color=3D"#6633ff"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt">______________=
____________________________________________________</span></font></div>








<div><font face=3D"Calibri, Verdana, Helvetica, Arial"><span style=3D"font-=
size:11pt"><b><font color=3D"#6666cc">Kiringai Kamau</font></b><br><font co=
lor=3D"#6666cc">Value Chain Analyst and Knowledge Specialist</font></span><=
/font></div>








<div><font face=3D"Calibri, Verdana, Helvetica, Arial"><span style=3D"font-=
size:11pt">PO Box 35046 00200 City Square, Nairobi</span></font></div><div>=
<span style=3D"font-family:Calibri,Verdana,Helvetica,Arial;font-size:15px">=
Tel: +254 202 719 733/202 738 783</span></div>








<div><font face=3D"Calibri, Verdana, Helvetica, Arial"><span style=3D"font-=
size:11pt">Cell: +254 722 800 986/733 375 505</span></font></div><div><font=
 face=3D"Calibri, Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" color=3D"#339999"><span style=
=3D"font-size:11pt"><b>Skype:</b>=A0kiringai.kamau</span></font></div>








<div><font face=3D"Calibri, Verdana, Helvetica, Arial"><span style=3D"font-=
size:11pt">Websites: <font color=3D"#9999ff"><a href=3D"http://www.willpowe=
r.co.ke" target=3D"_blank">www.willpower.co.ke</a>, <a href=3D"http://www.o=
ctagon.co.ke" target=3D"_blank">www.octagon.co.ke</a>,</font></span></font>=
</div>








<div><font face=3D"Calibri, Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" color=3D"#9999ff"><s=
pan style=3D"font-size:11pt">=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 <a=
 href=3D"http://www.vacidafrica.or.ke" target=3D"_blank">www.vacidafrica.or=
.ke</a>, <a href=3D"http://rural-agriculture.wikispaces.com" target=3D"_bla=
nk">http://rural-agriculture.wikispaces.com</a></span></font></div>









</font></span></div>
</blockquote></div><br><br clear=3D"all"><div><br></div></div></div><span><=
font color=3D"#888888">-- <br><br><br><a href=3D"http://www.timdavies.org.u=
k" target=3D"_blank">http://www.timdavies.org.uk</a><br>07834 856 303.<br>
@timdavies<br><br>Co-director of Practical Participation: <a href=3D"http:/=
/www.practicalparticipation.co.uk" target=3D"_blank">http://www.practicalpa=
rticipation.co.uk</a><br>

--------------------------<br>Practical Participation Ltd is a registered c=
ompany in England and Wales - #5381958.=20
</font></span></div>
</blockquote></div><br><br clear=3D"all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div><font f=
ace=3D"Calibri, Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" color=3D"#6633ff"><span style=3D=
"font-size:11pt">__________________________________________________________=
________</span></font></div>





<div><font face=3D"Calibri, Verdana, Helvetica, Arial"><span style=3D"font-=
size:11pt"><b><font color=3D"#6666cc">Kiringai Kamau</font></b><br><font co=
lor=3D"#6666cc">Value Chain Analyst and Knowledge Specialist</font></span><=
/font></div>





<div><font face=3D"Calibri, Verdana, Helvetica, Arial"><span style=3D"font-=
size:11pt">PO Box 35046 00200 City Square, Nairobi</span></font></div><div>=
<span style=3D"font-family:Calibri,Verdana,Helvetica,Arial;font-size:15px">=
Tel: +254 202 719 733/202 738 783</span></div>





<div><font face=3D"Calibri, Verdana, Helvetica, Arial"><span style=3D"font-=
size:11pt">Cell: +254 722 800 986/733 375 505</span></font></div><div><font=
 face=3D"Calibri, Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" color=3D"#339999"><span style=
=3D"font-size:11pt"><b>Skype:</b>=A0kiringai.kamau</span></font></div>





<div><font face=3D"Calibri, Verdana, Helvetica, Arial"><span style=3D"font-=
size:11pt">Websites: <font color=3D"#9999ff"><a href=3D"http://www.willpowe=
r.co.ke" target=3D"_blank">www.willpower.co.ke</a>, <a href=3D"http://www.o=
ctagon.co.ke" target=3D"_blank">www.octagon.co.ke</a>,</font></span></font>=
</div>





<div><font face=3D"Calibri, Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" color=3D"#9999ff"><s=
pan style=3D"font-size:11pt">=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 <a=
 href=3D"http://www.vacidafrica.or.ke" target=3D"_blank">www.vacidafrica.or=
.ke</a>, <a href=3D"http://rural-agriculture.wikispaces.com" target=3D"_bla=
nk">http://rural-agriculture.wikispaces.com</a></span></font></div>






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<br></font></span></div><span class=3D"HOEnZb"><font color=3D"#888888"><br>=
<br clear=3D"all"><div><br></div>-- <br><span style=3D"border-collapse:coll=
apse;font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px">Caitlin Bentley, PhD Cand=
idate<br>
Department of Geography<br>Royal Holloway, University of London<br>



Surrey TW20 0EX=A0 UK<br></span><span style=3D"border-collapse:collapse;fon=
t-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px"><a href=3D"tel:%2B44%20%280%29%20=
79%207739%206421" value=3D"+447977396421" target=3D"_blank">+44 (0) 79 7739=
 6421</a><br>



</span><div><font face=3D"arial, sans-serif"><span style=3D"border-collapse=
:collapse"><a href=3D"mailto:Caitlin.Bentley.2010 at live.rhul.ac.uk" target=
=3D"_blank">Caitlin.Bentley.2010 at live.rhul.ac.uk</a><br>
</span></font></div><div><font face=3D"arial, sans-serif"><span style=3D"bo=
rder-collapse:collapse">Skype: caitlin.bentley</span></font></div><div><div=
><font face=3D"arial, sans-serif" color=3D"#3333ff"><span style=3D"border-c=
ollapse:collapse"><span style=3D"font-family:Verdana,Helvetica,Arial;font-s=
ize:12px"><u><a href=3D"http://www.ict4d.org.uk/" target=3D"_blank">http://=
www.ict4d.org.uk</a></u></span></span></font></div>




</div>
</font></span></blockquote></div><br><br clear=3D"all"><div><br></div>-- <b=
r><div><font face=3D"Calibri, Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" color=3D"#6633ff">=
<span style=3D"font-size:11pt">____________________________________________=
______________________</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Calibri, Verdana, Helvetica, Arial"><span style=3D"font-=
size:11pt"><b><font color=3D"#6666cc">Kiringai Kamau</font></b><br><font co=
lor=3D"#6666cc">Value Chain Analyst and Knowledge Specialist</font></span><=
/font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Calibri, Verdana, Helvetica, Arial"><span style=3D"font-=
size:11pt">PO Box 35046 00200 City Square, Nairobi</span></font></div><div>=
<span style=3D"font-family:Calibri,Verdana,Helvetica,Arial;font-size:15px">=
Tel: +254 202 719 733/202 738 783</span></div>
<div><font face=3D"Calibri, Verdana, Helvetica, Arial"><span style=3D"font-=
size:11pt">Cell: +254 722 800 986/733 375 505</span></font></div><div><font=
 face=3D"Calibri, Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" color=3D"#339999"><span style=
=3D"font-size:11pt"><b>Skype:</b>=A0kiringai.kamau</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Calibri, Verdana, Helvetica, Arial"><span style=3D"font-=
size:11pt">Websites: <font color=3D"#9999ff"><a href=3D"http://www.willpowe=
r.co.ke" target=3D"_blank">www.willpower.co.ke</a>, <a href=3D"http://www.o=
ctagon.co.ke" target=3D"_blank">www.octagon.co.ke</a>,</font></span></font>=
</div>
<div><font face=3D"Calibri, Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" color=3D"#9999ff"><s=
pan style=3D"font-size:11pt">=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 <a=
 href=3D"http://www.vacidafrica.or.ke" target=3D"_blank">www.vacidafrica.or=
.ke</a>, <a href=3D"http://rural-agriculture.wikispaces.com" target=3D"_bla=
nk">http://rural-agriculture.wikispaces.com</a></span></font></div>

</div>

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